Jalajel village in Al Majmaah Governorate, archaeological historical areas and landmarks in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, demolished heritage mud houses and buildings during the day, a picture from below of the wooden roofs over the alleys and lanes in the old city.
Riyadh city towers during the day, celebrating the unification of the Kingdom, commemorating the Saudi flag March 11, commemorating the National Day September 23, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the black abaya standing next to the Saudi flag
Indicative sign for the service area and car parking in Diriyah in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, car traffic on Al-Bujairi Road, famous archaeological and historical tourist places, the historical Diriyah development project, historical Saudi lan
Rock formations in Al-Ula Governorate, a picture from above of the Sharaan Reserve in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, desert areas, mountains and highlands, desert natural reserves, ancient historical monuments, famous tourist places in the desert
Historical cities and villages in Saudi Arabia, a picture from the back of a group of Saudi Gulf Arab men walking around the old popular neighborhoods and alleys, famous tourist places and landmarks, walking around the village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate during the day, old-style mud houses and structures
The ancient walls of Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the historical Al-Turaif neighborhood, a cultural and tourist center, the celebration of the National Day in the jewel of the Kingdom, the Day of Flag Heritage Village, the
An inside picture of a door in one of the ancient mud houses in the village of Ushaiqar, historical places to attract tourists, famous cultural and tourist attractions, the authenticity and long history of heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
A picture of the interior of the ancient buildings and mud houses in the Al-Turaif neighborhood, the ancient architectural art of the old Diriyah walls in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ancient popular historical monuments, heritage pl
Family and youth entertainment areas, attractions that attract visitors from all over the world, architectural decorations in upscale places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, spending a good time during the Ramadan season in the city of Riyadh.
Remembering National Day, September 23, looking at the camera with happy gestures, participating in national events, a picture from behind of a smiling Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and hijab, holding the Kingdom’s flag with respect and appreciation, Flag Day, March 11, illuminated buildings in the city of Riyadh
The view of agricultural terraces and heights in Prince Sultan Park in Al-Qara’a, Asir region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, fog over the peaks and mountainous nature, famous archaeological historical landmarks, mountainous terrain, famous tourist places
Architectural designs and arts for old-style mud buildings, archaeological sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a picture from inside the historic Murabba Palace in the city of Riyadh, nobility, authenticity and adherence to Saudi heritage, famous landmarks and tourist places.
A close-up of a water well in one of the ancient historical buildings in the heritage village in the city of Riyadh, a cultural tourist center in Al-Bujairi Park, celebrating National Day on September 23 in the jewel of the Kingdom, Saudi founding day 1727 AD, Saudi landmarks in the popular Al-Turaif neighborhood
The role of horses in the history of the first Saudi state, models of authentic Arabian brown horses in the Historical Museum, Diriyah Museums at Al-Bujairi View in the Al-Turaif District, the Historical Heritage Village in the city of Riyadh, a famous Saudi tourist cultural center and landmark.
Accessories, ornaments and traditional jewelry in the Saudi Historical Museum, the history of the first Saudi state, Diriyah museums at Al-Bujairi overlook in the Al-Turaif district, the heritage village in the city of Riyadh, a famous cultural tourist landmark, rare artifacts in Salwa Palace
Maqsurat Al Rajhiyyah Mosque in Al Bukayriyah Governorate in the city of Qassim in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a popular historical archaeological site, famous tourist attractions in Al Bukayriyah, walls and windows built of mud in the old folk style.
Distinctive view of tourism cities and entertainment areas, urban growth and development of facilities and buildings, aerial photo from above of the capital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers in the city of Riyadh, famous tourist attractions
A picture from inside the historic Masmak Palace Museum in the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, the historical landmarks of Riyadh, the traditional Masmak Palace, ancient architecture, tourist archaeological sites in Saudi Arabia
Professions and jobs in Saudi Arabia, raising the Saudi flag to commemorate the National Day, a Saudi Gulf Arab engineer wearing a helmet and a protective vest and holding the Kingdom’s flag, engineers celebrating Science Day on March 11, Saudi National Day on September 23, background of the famous towers and skyscrapers of Riyadh
The walls of Salwa Palace illuminated at night in the Al-Bujairi neighborhood, popular heritage tourist places and attractions to attract tourists to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ancient historical forts in the city of Riyadh, ancient-style architectural art of ancient mud buildings and houses in Diriyah
A picture from the back of Saudi Arabian Gulf women wandering in the desert areas of the city of Al-Ula in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, natural rock formations and formations, historical monuments, archaeological tourism, beauty of desert nature, rocky mo
The Saudi Foundation Day, the anniversary of the founding of the Saudi state, the old Diriyah in the city of Riyadh, the visual identity of the Saudi founding day, the slogan of a fat day, the founding day, the old Saudi
Archaeological buildings and mud houses in the Al-Turaif neighborhood, ancient popular historical monuments, heritage places to attract tourists to Saudi Arabia, ancient architectural art of the walls of Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A group of young children dressed in traditional Saudi costume at the opening ceremony of the Matl and Al-Bujairi National Heritage Park in Diriyah, the Diriyah development project, celebrations and festivals in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, hist
A group of young children dressed in traditional Saudi costume at the opening ceremony of the Matl and Al-Bujairi National Heritage Park in Diriyah, the Diriyah development project, celebrations and festivals in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, hist
Old folk costumes in the Costume and Jewelry Department, the historic Salwa Palace, the Diriyah Museums at Al-Bujairi View in the Al-Turaif District, the historic heritage village in the city of Riyadh, a famous Saudi historical tourist cultural center and landmark, the history of the first Saudi state.
Trees and green plants, famous tourist places and landmarks, the development of urbanization in Saudi Arabia, a picture from above of the winding roads and streets of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, architectural structures in Riyadh, car traffic on the public road
An international entertainment festival, discovering civilizations and cultures in several countries, Riyadh Season activities, an entertainment amusement park at Boulevard World, Saudi Vision 2030 programs, famous landmarks and tourist places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, cartoon drawings and models.
Ancient war and defense tools and uniforms, the historic Diriyah development project, famous archaeological tourist places and buildings in Riyadh, Al-Bujairi Historical Museum in Riyadh, a world heritage site, shields of ancient Saudi warriors.
Saudi Flag Day, March 11, a picture from the back of a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing traditional clothing and raising the Saudi flag, the anniversary of National Day September 23, Saudi National Day, urban growth and development in the towers and skyscrapers in the city of Riyadh, the background of the King Abdullah Financial Center
Famous tourist attractions, ancient heritage clay structures, historical houses and buildings in the village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate in the city of Riyadh, the ancient popular historical monument in one of the residential neighborhoods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The ancient historical cultural heritage, a close-up of the historic Masmak Palace in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, architecture and ancient mud buildings from Saudi heritage, touristic places and monuments.
Feelings of love and loyalty to Saudi Arabia, a day of unity and the modern history of the Kingdom, celebrating the Saudi National Day 8 Rabi’ al-Awwal, a smiling veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and holding the Kingdom’s flag with pride and appreciation, Saudi Flag Day March 11, background of the Kafed Towers in Riyadh
A close-up of the walls of houses and ancient buildings in the historical Al-Turaif neighborhood in Al-Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ancient popular historical landmarks, places of tourism in Saudi Arabia
Cultivation of plants and palm trees, the historic Diriyah development project, famous historical tourist places and buildings in Riyadh, the opening of Al-Bujairi Park and View in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, historical Saudi landmarks
The walls of ancient houses and buildings in the historic Al-Turaif neighborhood in Al-Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a close-up of a traditional wooden window, ancient popular historical landmarks, places of tourism in Saud
A Saudi Arabian Gulf woman carrying the Saudi flag and climbing a mountain peak, the old Diriyah in Riyadh, the visual identity of the Saudi founding day, the slogan of the founding day, a fat day, the anniversary of the founding of the Saudi state
Gestures of pride and pride in the urban renaissance of the Kingdom, Saudi national construction projects, a veiled Saudi Arab Gulf engineer wearing a helmet and a protection jacket standing tall, building the nation with the help of its sons and engineer
A view from the top of the city of Riyadh, towers and skyscrapers at night, architectural art, famous tourist attractions in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Places of enjoyment and tourism in the capital, famous tourist attractions, ancient facilities, buildings and mud houses in the village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate, popular heritage villages in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a destination for visitors from all over the world.
History of the First Saudi State, ancient archaeological manuscripts in the Historical Museum, a famous Saudi historical cultural center and landmark, Diriyah Museums at Al-Bujairi View in Al-Turaif District, the historic heritage village in the city of Riyadh.
Archaeological tourist places, tourist attractions from all over the world, a picture from inside the Masmak Palace Museum, historical heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, landmarks of the historical city of Riyadh, ancient architecture
Tourist places in Saudi Arabia, the Masmak Palace Museum in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, historical monuments, green trees and plants, ancient architecture
A Saudi Arab Gulf man wearing a traditional costume for national and festive occasions inside the Murabba Palace, the traditional Saudi folk costume, the Saudi dagger and sword, the anniversary of the Saudi National Day, the costumes of the founding day,
Historical monuments and areas to attract tourists from all over the world, a picture from above of tourist balloons rising above the sky of the heritage city of AlUla, the desert nature and rock formations of the mountains and peaks of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Portrait from the back of a Saudi Arabian Gulf woman and man wearing the traditional Saudi folk costume for national occasions and celebrations in the central region, the 92nd Saudi National Day, raising the Saudi flag, bride and groom, founding day costu
The traditional Saudi folk performance and dance, celebrations and festivals in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a group of Saudi Arab Gulf men, the opening ceremony of the Al-Bujairi National Park and Heritage Park in Diriyah, the historical Diriya
An ancient archaeological door, ancient architecture, a wooden door with an ancient Arab architectural design, the historic Masmak Palace in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, historical landmarks in Riyadh, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Historical civilization in the Kingdom, national monuments in Saudi Arabia, a door with iron protection in the palace of King Abdulaziz Al Saud, Arabic-style architectural art for ancient clay buildings, famous heritage tourist places in the city of Al-Dudami
Palm trees around the historic Masmak Palace Museum in the city of Riyadh in broad daylight, attention to landscaping and green plants in archaeological tourist sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, heritage landmarks of Riyadh, architecture and ancient mud buildings
The historic Al-Turaif neighborhood illuminated at night, the old walls of Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a famous Saudi historical cultural center and tourist attraction, traditional geometric architecture made of mud bricks, the heritage village and archaeological buildings in Diriyah
A view from the top of the city of Riyadh, towers and skyscrapers at night, architectural art, famous tourist attractions in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Rock formations in desert areas, visiting the tomb of Hayyan bin Kuza, ancient archaeological monuments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, historical natural places to attract and attract tourists, a picture from the back of a woman wearing a red abaya looking at Al-Farid Palace in Mada’in Saleh in Al-Ula Governorate.
Discovering heritage, authenticity and nobility, the old popular neighborhoods in the heritage village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate, famous tourist attractions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a photo from the back of two Western tourists wandering between the ancient mud houses and narrow alleys
Saudi Flag Day, March 11, the concept of construction and architecture, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing an abaya and carrying the flag of the Kingdom and standing in front of the towers and skyscrapers in Riyadh, National Day 8 Rabi’ al-Awwal, the anniversary of the Saudi National Day
Places of heritage tourism in Saudi Arabia, the ancient mud buildings and houses in the old Diriyah in the city of Riyadh, the ancient architectural art of the walls of the Salwa Palace in Al-Bujairi in the Al-Turaif neighborhood, ancient historical monum
Al-Turaif historical neighborhood in Al-Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, green palm trees in broad daylight, ancient houses and buildings, ancient popular historical landmarks, places of tourism in Saudi Arabia
A creative image of the historical buildings in Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, historical houses, ancient architectural art, Riyadh archaeological landmarks, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Famous archaeological and recreational tourist places, a close-up of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man holding a mobile phone, filming the opening ceremony of the Al-Bujairi National Park and Heritage Park in Diriyah, the historic Diriyah development project, cele
A picture from the back of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man holding the Saudi flag and in front of him the historical archaeological buildings in Saudi Arabia, the old Diriyah in the city of Riyadh, the anniversary of the founding of the Saudi state, the slogan o
Desert natural reserves, rock formations in Al-Ula Governorate, a picture from above of the Sharaan Reserve in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, desert areas, mountains and highlands, ancient historical monuments, famous tourist places in the desert
Commemoration of the Saudi National Day and Day, commemoration of the Saudi Flag Day, March 11, a smiling, veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the black abaya and carrying the Saudi flag with pride and honor, celebrating the unification of the Kingdom at the hands of King Abdulaziz 8 Rabi’ al-Awwal, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh
Historical landmarks of Riyadh, a picture from inside the historic Masmak Palace Museum in the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, the traditional Masmak Palace, ancient architecture, tourist archaeological sites in Saudi Arabia
Food stores in popular markets, entertainment events and activities during the Ramadan season in the city of Riyadh, places that attract visitors from all over the world, breakfast atmosphere in the holy month of Ramadan in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, famous tourist attractions
A view from the top of the city of Riyadh, towers and skyscrapers at night, architectural art, famous tourist attractions in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A picture from inside the historic Masmak Palace Museum in the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, the historical landmarks of Riyadh, the traditional Masmak Palace, ancient architecture, tourist archaeological sites in Saudi Arabia
A beautiful picture overlooking the Wadi Namar waterfall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, beautiful tourist places in Saudi Arabia, Saudi valleys and waterfalls, archaeological historical landmarks in Saudi Arabia, Wadi Namar waterfall in Riyadh
Archaeological entertainment places during the day, the historic Diriyah development project, Al-Bujairi Overlook and Park in the Diriyah neighborhood in the city of Riyadh, mud installations built in the old style, areas of tourism and authentic Saudi Arabian civilization, enjoying the famous tourist attractions
A national castle in Diriyah in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ancient architecture, castles and ancient buildings, historical landmarks of Riyadh, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Riyadh Municipality, a billboard for the Al Nahda Park development project in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, green trees and plants, the development of Riyadh parks, the famous landmarks of Riyadh
A cultural tourist center in Al-Bujairi Park, the ancient walls of Diriyah in the city of Riyadh, the celebration of National Day on September 23 in the Jewel of the Kingdom, the popular archaeological buildings in the heritage village, the Saudi founding day 1727 AD, Saudi landmarks in the historic Al-Turaif neighborhood.
Historical cities and villages in Saudi Arabia, a picture from the back of a group of Saudi Gulf Arab men walking around the old popular neighborhoods and alleys, famous tourist places and landmarks, walking around the village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate during the day, old-style mud houses and structures
A picture from the back of a woman looking at the streets of Al-Qaisariya Market in the city of Al-Ahsa in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, famous landmarks and tourist places, old popular markets
Visiting the famous places and tourist attractions in the Al-Balad neighborhood, family entertainment activities, a smiling Saudi Gulf Arab family looking at something and wandering between the popular neighborhoods and ancient buildings in Historic Jedda
A view from the top of the city of Riyadh, towers and skyscrapers, architectural art, famous tourist attractions in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Flag Day, March 11, National Day on Rabi’ al-Awwal 8, feelings of love and belonging to Saudi Arabia, pride in the nation’s achievements and culture, a Saudi Gulf Arab man and woman wearing traditional dress celebrating the unification of the kingdom, background of the famous Riyadh towers
Wearing costumes for popular and national occasions, expressing pride and pride in belonging to the Kingdom, commemorating the Saudi National Day, September 23, and two Saudi Gulf Arabs celebrating Flag Day, March 11, background of the famous historical archaeological sites
Natural places and areas to attract tourists from all over the world, entertainment events and activities in AlUla Governorate during the day, a picture from above of a balloon above palm trees in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, famous tourist attractions
Ancient archaeological buildings, planting plants and palm trees, the historic Diriyah development project, famous archaeological and historical tourist places in Riyadh, the historical Al-Turaif neighborhood in Diriyah in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi A
Spending enjoyable time during the Ramadan season in upscale restaurants and cafes in the city of Riyadh, family and youth entertainment places, tourist attractions to attract visitors from all over the world, luxurious architectural artistic decorations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, an enjoyable Ramadan atmosphere
Enjoying tourist trips in ancient villages, famous tourist attractions and places, an inside picture of a window in a mud house in the heritage village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate in Riyadh, the ancient historical civilization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, attracting and attracting tourists from all over the world.
Authenticity, civilization and Saudi heritage, the heritage village in the city of Al-Ghat in the Emirate of Riyadh, ancient heritage tourist attractions, rehabilitation projects for ancient villages to attract tourists from all over the world, wooden roofs built in the ancient historical clay style
Loyalty to Saudi Arabia by participating in the Saudi National Day, September 23, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Arabian Gulf woman wearing the abaya, holding the Kingdom’s flag with pride and appreciation, Saudi Flag Day, March 11, background of the Kafed Towers in Riyadh
An educational family trip, the architectural engineering art of towers and skyscrapers, urban growth and development, a back view of a Saudi Arabian Gulf family looking at the Kingdom Tower in the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, recreational activities a
Designing traditional folk costumes, traditional women’s crafts and professions, a close-up picture of a Saudi Gulf Arab seamstress wearing a black abaya and burqa, knitting and sewing fabric on a manual machine, the anniversary of the founding of the first Saudi state, February 22, the day of our religion 1727 AD.
Famous tourist landmarks and areas, a close-up photo of a popular mud-brick building in the old Arab style in the heritage village of Ushaiqar in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ancient historical monuments in the Shaqra Governorate in the city of Riyadh
Saudi Flag Day, March 11, embodying feelings of love and loyalty, Day of Unity and the modern history of the Kingdom, celebration of the Saudi National Day, National Day on Rabi’ al-Awwal 8, a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and holding the Kingdom’s flag with pride and appreciation, background of the Kafed Towers in Riyadh
Rare archaeological stone pieces in the historic Salwa Palace Museum, the history of the first Saudi state, the Diriyah museums at Al-Bujairi overlook in the Al-Turaif district, the historical heritage village in the city of Riyadh, a famous historical cultural tourist attraction.
Famous tourist attractions and places, palm trees between mud houses in the heritage village of Ushaiqar in Shaqra Governorate in Riyadh, ancient historical civilization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, enjoying tourist trips in ancient villages
Famous historical landmarks and places in the city of Riyadh, mud houses and buildings in the Shaqra tourist governorate, a picture from below of the sky in one of the popular alleys in the village of Ushaiqar in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Tourist attractions to attract visitors from all over the world, luxurious architectural decorations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, an enjoyable Ramadan atmosphere, spending enjoyable time during the Ramadan season in upscale restaurants and cafes in the city of Riyadh, family and youth entertainment places.
A close-up photo of a model of a purebred white Arabian horse in the Historical Museum, Diriyah Museums at Al-Bujairi View in Al-Turaif District, the historic heritage village in the city of Riyadh, the role of horses in the history of the first Saudi state, a famous Saudi cultural tourist center and landmark.
Famous heritage tourist places in Saudi Arabia, ancient historical monuments in the city of Riyadh, ancient Arab architectural design, architectural engineering art of ancient mud houses and buildings in the village of Ushaiqar in Al-Shaqra Governorate.
Urban growth and development, a picture from the back of a Saudi Gulf Arab man standing next to his wife and holding the flag of the Kingdom, Flag Day, March 11, Saudi National Day, National Day for the Unification of Saudi Arabia, September 23, Saudi Future Vision 2030, towers and skyscrapers of Riyadh at sunset
The concept of loyalty and national belonging, a picture from the back of a Saudi Gulf Arab pilot wearing a flight suit and holding the Saudi flag in his hand and standing in front of the towers and landmarks of Riyadh, celebrating the Saudi National Day, the National Day for the Unification of the Kingdom on September 23, remembering Flag Day on March 11
The Museum of the Unification of Saudi Arabia, ancient historical tourist attractions, the heritage mud fortress of Al-Musmak, the distinguished walls in the old architectural building, the historic Masmak Palace in the city of Riyadh, a close-up of a you
A Saudi Arab Gulf woman who wears a niqab knits and spins textiles and cloth, traditional folk crafts, Saudi handicrafts, ancient folk crafts and occupations, the craft of making muslimahs, colored threads
Looking at the camera with gestures of happiness, belonging to the homeland and participating in national events, a smiling Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and hijab holding the Kingdom’s flag with respect and appreciation, remembering the National Day, commemorating the National Day on September 23, Saudi Flag Day on March 11
Responding to emergency situations, enhancing security and safety in cities, a close-up of the Jubailiya Police Station in Diriyah Governorate, places that attract tourists from abroad, old historical buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Night picture of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man holding the flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah Financial Center (CAFD) in Riyadh illuminated in green, the celebration of the National Day, the identity of the Saudi National Day 92, the famous Riy
Urban growth and development in the new neighborhoods in Riyadh, architectural facilities and financial economic towers, famous tourist places, an Arab Gulf family standing in front of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in Saudi Arabia and looking
Close-up of the face of a Saudi Arabian Gulf woman with the Saudi founding day logo, the visual identity of the Saudi founding day, the fat day logo, the founding day, old Saudi Arabia, the anniversary of the establishment of the Saudi state, Saudi Arabia
Anniversary of the founding of the first Saudi state, February 22, founding day 1727 AD, traditional women’s crafts and professions, a close-up photo from the back of a Saudi Arabian Gulf seamstress wearing a black abaya and burqa, knitting and sewing fabric on a manual machine in the old popular markets in Saudi Arabia.