The sanctities of Islam and Muslims, the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, a view of Islamic religious monuments, a view of the sky and stars in the Noble Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, worship and getting closer to God, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals.
Hajj pilgrims in the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Kaaba, worshiping and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic holy places, visiting the Holy House of Allah, a group of pilgrims and Umrah performers carrying umbrellas and walking in the Jamarat area in Mecca
Visiting the Holy House of God in Mecca, a group of pilgrims in the Holy Mosque, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the fifth pillar of Islam
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God, Pause of Arafa, Mount of Mercy (Arafa), performing Hajj and Umrah, performing Hajj, worship and getting closer to God, Hajj season, Islam and worship
A group of pilgrims walk on the Jamarat Bridge in Mecca, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, visiting the Holy House of God at night
A close-up of a Gulf Arab pilgrim wearing the Ihram dress in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, supplication and closeness to God, a winter atmosphere in the Hajj in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Islamic religious and sacred pl
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing prayers in the Grand Mosque in Mecca, worship and drawing closer to God, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Islamic religious landmarks, the
A picture of the Grand Mosque in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a group of pilgrims performing the Hajj rituals in Mecca, the beauty of the Holy Mosque in Mecca, famous religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia, the obligation of Hajj, worship and getting closer
Sacred Islamic landmarks and places, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and getting closer to God, a close-up picture of a group of pilgrims in Mecca, circumambulating around the Kaaba, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Islamic matters and worship, Hajj season
A group of pilgrims and Umrah performers enter the Grand Mosque in Mecca, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worshipping and drawing closer to God, sacred Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Islamic religious landmarks, Muslim pilgrims performing prayer around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, worship and getting closer to God, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Towers and luxury hotels overlooking the Holy Mosque of Mecca, Islamic gatherings from all over the world around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca to perform worship and draw closer to God, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, pilgrims and Umrah performers in the Sacred House of God
Sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals in Mecca, pilgrims to the House of God circumambulating the Kaaba in the Grand Mosque, the concept of worship and drawing closer to God
An aerial view of the holy sites in Makkah Al-Mukarramah during the days of Hajj season 2023, standing on Mount Arafat, pilgrims staying overnight in the tents of Mash’ar Mina, performing the rituals in Mash’ar Muzdalifah, throwing stones, worshiping and
Islamic religious landmarks and sacred places, the introduction of decorations and ornaments of the ancient Islamic style, interior engineering designs in the Grand Mosque in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The entry of pilgrims and Umrah performers to the Grand Mosque from Fahd Gate, the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in Saudi Arabia, the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, architectural engineering art in the Islamic style, pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims circumambulating around the Kaaba in the courtyard of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the Holy Mosque of Mecca, Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Performing the obligatory duties, prayers, acts of worship, and getting closer to God, the orientation of Muslims to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the destination of Muslims in all parts of the earth, the circumambulation of pilgrims around the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca.
The circumambulation of pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, sacred Islamic places and landmarks, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, the direction of Islam and Muslims, worship and getting closer to God.
The only Qiblah for Muslims on Earth, the Kaaba in the Holy Mosque in Mecca at sunset, the domes and minarets of the Prophet's Mosque, worship and drawing closer to God, religious Islamic landmarks and places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Pilgrims at the Grand Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims walking in the outer complex of the Grand Mosque, worship and getting closer to God, Islamism and worship, Islamic holy places
A group of pilgrims and Umrah performers walk under umbrellas in the Jamarat area in Mecca, visitors to the House of God perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic religious holy places, the concept of worship and getting closer to God Almighty
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals in the month of Dhul-Hijjah, worship and getting closer to God, the road leading to the throwing of stones in Mecca, famous Islamic religious monuments, a picture from the back of a group of pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims walking through a tunnel, gathering Muslims from all over the world
The art of Islamic architecture, the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah from the inside in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, the view of the Holy Kaaba at sunrise, the minarets of the Grand Mosque overlooking the Holy Mosque in Mecca, the concept of worship and getting closer to God, sacred Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals in the month of Dhul-Hijjah, worship and drawing closer to Allah, the road leading to the Jamarat area in Mecca, famous Islamic religious landmarks, a view from the back of a group of pilgrims and Umrah performers walking through a tunnel, Muslims gathered from all over the world
Preparing to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah and getting closer to God through good deeds, a portrait of a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing the ihram dress carrying his boy son and caressing him after performing the obligatory prayers, the fifth pillar of Islam for those who can find a way to it, Islamic matters and worshipers, gray background
A religious spiritual atmosphere, the Jamarat throwing area at Mina in Mecca, famous Islamic landmarks, the arrival of Muslims from all over the world to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, the virtue and reward of supplication and getting closer to God, Islamic matters and worship
An angle photo from the bottom of the Royal Clock Tower building in Mecca, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and getting closer to God, chambers overlooking the Holy Mosque in Mecca.
The concept of worship and drawing closer to God, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals in Mecca, pilgrims from all over the world circumambulating the Kaaba in the Grand Mosque
A picture of the pilgrims to the Sacred House of God, the Pause of Arafat, Mount of Mercy (Arafah), performing Hajj and Umrah, performing Hajj, worship and getting closer to God, Hajj season 2022, Islam and worship
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God wear the Ihram garments and stand on the Mount of Mercy (Arafah) in Makkah Al-Mukarramah during the Hajj season in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and drawing closer to
Pilgrims' tents in Mina's shrine in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Arafat's standing on the Mount of Mercy, tents' area in Mina, Hajj season 2023, performing Hajj rituals, Islamic religious landmarks and sacred places in Saudi Arabia
Sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, a close-up of the entry of pilgrims and Umrah performers to the Grand Mosque from Fahd Gate, the courtyards of the Holy Mosque in Mecca in Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah
Clock tower hotels overlooking the Haram in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and drawing closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks, luxury hotels, architectural art, the Sacred Mosque Square, the Holy
Worshiping and getting closer to God, holy Islamic places, an Arab Gulf Saudi Muslim man wearing the Ihram dress raising his hands with supplication gestures looking at the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah
Islamic architectural engineering art, the Grand Mosque in Mecca from the inside in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a group of worshipers and pilgrims in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, sacred Islamic religious landmarks
Worship and drawing closer to Allah, Sa'i between Safa and Marwa, Islamic architectural art, Islamic religious places and landmarks, Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Pilgrims and Umrah performers wearing Ihram clothes in Mas'a in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Close-up of the Sacred House of God, performing Hajj and Umrah, worship and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks, Hajj season 2022, Muslim pilgrims circumambulating the Kaaba in Mecca
Worship and getting closer to God, the Grand Mosque in Mecca, a close-up of the Royal Clock Tower building during the day, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals
Pilgrims of the Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Kaaba, the shrine of Abraham, peace be upon him, religious rites, worship and getting closer to God, Islamism and
Sacred Islamic religious places and monuments, circumambulation around the Holy Kaaba, a close-up of pilgrims to the Sacred House of God near the door of the Holy Kaaba, the Grand Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of H
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, visiting the Holy House of God, a group of pilgrims walking on the Jamarat Bridge in Mecca.
The Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating around the Holy Kaaba, Islamic holy places
The architectural engineering art of the Meccan clock tower overlooking the Grand Mosque, the arrival of Muslims from all over the world to perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, pilgrims to the House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Mecca in Saudi Arabia, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks
Pilgrims at the Grand Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims walking in the outer complex of the Grand Mosque, worship and getting closer to God, Islamism and worship, Islamic holy places
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, a close-up of the circumambulation of pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, sacred Islamic places and landmarks, the Qibla of Islam and Muslims, the concept of worship and getting closer to God
Pilgrims circumambulate around the Holy Kaaba in the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at night, perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and get closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks and places
Hotels and towers surrounding the Grand Mosque, pilgrims and Umrah performers feeding pigeons in the outer square of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Islamic gathering to perform worship and draw closer to God, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, blue sky full of white clouds
Worshiping and getting closer to God in sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in Muzdalifah wearing the Ihram dress in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah.
The Clock Tower in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, visitors to the Sacred House of God in the outer courtyard, the arrival of Muslims from all over the world to the Kingdom, the famous religious attractions, the entry of worshipers to the Grand Mosque to perform rituals and worship and draw closer to God, an Islamic religious atmosphere
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God near the Holy Kaaba in the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating around the Holy Kaaba, worship and drawing closer to God, Islami
The architectural engineering art of the clock tower in the Holy Mosque of Mecca overlooking the Holy Kaaba, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and getting closer to God Almighty, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in broad daylight.
Islamic religious places and landmarks, Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Pilgrims and Umrah performers wearing Ihram clothes in Mas'a in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Worship and drawing closer to Allah, Sa'i between Safa and Marwa, Islamic architectural art
The external entrance to the courtyard of the Grand Mosque of God, gathering from all over the world to perform worship and draw closer to God, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims coming to Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Worship and drawing closer to God Almighty, the destination of visitors from all over the world, places where Muslims gather to perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, the architectural art of the Grand Mosque in Mecca from the inside, famous religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A picture from the back of a group of pilgrims taking pictures of the Kaaba, pilgrims circling the Kaaba, performing Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and getting closer to God, Hajj season 2022, Islam and worship
Pilgrims are busy preparing to head to Arafat Square on the morning of the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah in Mecca during the Hajj season in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the Hajj and Umrah rituals, holy Islamic religious landmarks and places, worship and drawing closer to God, means of transportation and communication
The Royal Clock Tower building in the Grand Mosque illuminated at night, pilgrims and Umrah performers in the Holy Mosque, Islamic architectural style of towers and skyscrapers in Mecca, landmarks and sacred religious places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Sacred religious Islamic places, circumambulation of pilgrims and Umrah performers around the Kaaba in the Sacred House of God in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the courtyards of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing the rituals of Ha
A young child wearing the traditional Islamic dress, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah in the Hajj season 2023, visiting the Sacred House of God, the background of the Kaaba in the Holy Mosque of Mecca.
Sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, the quest between Safa and Marwah, pilgrims and pilgrims in the quest in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and drawing closer to God
Aerial picture of bus stops for pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, buses transporting and connecting pilgrims between the holy sites, providing amenities to perform worship during the Hajj days, Hajj season 2023.
Pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims in the square, the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God on the Mount of Mercy (Arafah) in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, the Hajj season 2023, Islamic religious landmarks and sacred places, Islam and its worship
A close-up of the pilgrims of the Sacred House of God near the door of the Holy Kaaba, circumambulating around the Holy Kaaba, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, sacre
Pilgrims and Umrah performers in the outer courtyard of the Sacred House of God in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Grand Mosque, Hajj season, Makkah landmarks, Islamic holy places
View of the Holy Kaaba and the minarets of the Grand Mosque, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, the square of the Holy Mosque in Mecca, the concept of worship and getting closer to God, sacred Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The concept of good company, a picture from the back of a group of female friends standing in front of the Kaaba in the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the concept of worship and drawing closer to God, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the Hajj and Umrah rituals in Mecca
Sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, a close-up of the Holy Kaaba in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the architectural engineering art of towers and skyscrapers, the clock tower overlooking the Holy Mosque of Mecca
Clock tower hotels overlooking the Haram in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and drawing closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks, luxury hotels, architectural art, the Sacred Mosque Square, the Holy
A close-up of the pilgrims of the Sacred House of God near the door of the Holy Kaaba, circumambulating around the Holy Kaaba, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, sacre
Visiting the Sacred House of God in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, preparing and preparing to travel to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah 2023, drawing closer to God by performing acts of worship, a portrait of a young Saudi Arabian Gulf Muslim wearing Ihram c
Sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, circumambulation around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, pilgrims to the Holy House of God in the courtyards of the Holy Mosque in Mecca, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals
Performing religious duties, pilgrims to the Sacred House of God wearing the Ihram garments in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Mina, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and drawing closer to God in Islamic religious
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in Muzdalifah wearing the Ihram dress in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worshiping and getting closer to God in sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places
Taking pictures of the Holy Kaaba, a picture from the back of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing the Ihram clothes and holding a mobile phone in his hand, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Islam and worship, the Hajj season 2023.
Pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims in the outer courtyard of the Holy House of God waiting for the Maghrib call to break their fast, the architectural art of building towers and hotels surrounding the mosque, performing acts of worship and getting closer to God, sacred Islamic landmarks, the outer courtyard of the Holy Mosque in Mecca.
The Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the destination of Muslims from all over the world, the most famous Islamic landmark in the world, the Hajj and Umrah season, worship, supplication and drawing closer to God, white background
A picture of the pilgrims to the Sacred House of God, the Pause of Arafat, Mount of Mercy (Arafah), performing Hajj and Umrah, performing Hajj, worship and getting closer to God, Hajj season 2022, Islam and worship
Tawaf around the Holy Kaaba, a close-up of the pilgrims of the Sacred House of God near the door of the Holy Kaaba, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, sacred Islamic r
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God perform prayers in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Kaaba in Mecca, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, holy Islamic places
Pilgrims of the Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at night, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the honorable Kaaba, worshiping and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks
The Holy Mosque of Mecca, the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah from the inside in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Islamic architectural art, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
The destination of Muslims from all over the world to perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, the external architectural art of the Holy House of God, sacred Islamic spiritual places and areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the minarets of the Holy Mosque in Mecca.
The concept of worship and getting closer to God, the Hajj season in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, a picture from behind of pilgrims to the Sacred House of God heading to Mount Mercy (Arafat), performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, residential buildings in Mecca.
Pilgrims and Umrah gather in the outer courtyard of the Grand Mosque of God in Mecca, purposes and places for performing worship and getting closer to God, sacred Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic holy places, close-up of pilgrims near the Holy Kaaba in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, worship and getting closer to God
Worshiping and getting closer to God in sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in Muzdalifah wearing the Ihram dress in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah.
Sacred Islamic religious places and monuments, performing religious duties, pilgrims to the Sacred House of God wearing the Ihram garments in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Mina, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship an
Pilgrims of the Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Kaaba, the shrine of Abraham, peace be upon him, religious rites, worship and getting closer to God, Islamism and
Muslims come from all over the world to perform Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and get closer to God, the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, sacred Islamic places and landmarks, the circumambulation of pilgrims and Umrah around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca.
Going to Mount Mercy (Arafat) in Mecca during the Hajj season in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the concept of worship and getting closer to God, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, a close-up of signs and guide boards, a blue sky background with white clouds
Supplication and request from God Almighty, illustrations of pilgrims wearing the Ihram clothes in front of the Holy Kaaba in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic matters and worship
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, pilgrims and pilgrims in the outer courtyard of the Grand Mosque in Mecca during the day, Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Islamic architectural art of the towers surrounding the Holy Mosque of Mecca
The Noble Sanctuary in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Performing Hajj and Umrah, Hajj season 2023, Muslim pilgrims circumambulate the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the Grand Mosque
Pilgrims at the Grand Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims walking in the outer complex of the Grand Mosque, worship and getting closer to God, Islamism and worship, Islamic holy places
Performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulation of pilgrims and Umrah performers around the Kaaba in the Sacred House of God in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the courtyards of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, worship and closene