Rocky hills in the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Mount Al-Safa and Al-Marwah in the Sacred House of God, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places
Maintaining safety and avoiding the spread of infection from Covid-19, portrait of a Saudi Gulf female specialist doctor wearing a mask, providing her services to patients with all efficiency, the concept of medicine and health care, following precautionary measures to prevent the Corona virus
Pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims standing in the outer square of the Holy Mosque in Mecca, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, Islamic gathering for worship and getting closer to God, luxury hotels and towers surrounding the Grand Mosque, view of the blue sky full of clouds, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals.
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing the Ihram dress, eating coffee and dates, taking hospitality, receiving pilgrims and performing Umrah rituals, performing Hajj and Umrah
Preparing to travel to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, a close-up portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf Muslim couple wearing the Ihram dress, a picture of a Saudi Arab Gulf man carrying a prayer beads and browsing a mobile phone, a woman holding a trav
Portrait of a Saudi Gulf Arab doctor giving a vaccine dose to a Saudi Gulf patient, taking a safe vaccine dose, safe vaccination for Covid 19, medical vaccination, a dose to avoid infection, white background
Portrait of two Saudi Gulf employees, wearing a medical mask to prevent corona virus Covid-19, using a tablet device to accomplish tasks, co-workers, the concept of business management, business deals, professions and businesses, follow-up and discussion
Pilgrims wearing a protective mask, the Hajj season 2023, and prevention from the Corona virus, a close-up portrait of a young Saudi Arabian Gulf Muslim wearing Ihram clothes and holding a gray umbrella in his hand, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umra
Pilgrims to the House of God performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, a close-up of the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, worship and getting closer to God, Qur’anic verses on the cover of the Kaaba, the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Islamic holy places
Maintaining distances and not touching surfaces, following preventive precautions against Covid 19, a portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing a thobe and traditional dress, wearing a preventive medical mask to protect against the Corona virus, raising his hand to avoid shaking hands and getting others close to him, white background.
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God near the Holy Kaaba in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Holy Kaaba, worship and drawing closer to God, Islam
Performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, a portrait of an elderly Muslim, Arab, Saudi, and Gulf man wearing ihram clothes and raising his hands up, sitting on the prayer rug, supplication, worship, and closeness to God, the fifth pillar of Islam, Hajj se
The Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and drawing closer to God, the Qiblah of Islam and Muslims, a picture from above of pilgrims and Umrah performers circumambulating the Holy Kaaba in Mecca at sunset, the illuminated minarets surrounding the Haram
Hajj pilgrims in the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Kaaba, worshiping and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf businesswoman sitting in front of her laptop, next to an employee holding papers in her hand, discussing and organizing work, a Saudi Gulf work team, wearing a mask to prevent corona virus
Diligence in obedience and drawing near to God in the blessed months. A picture from the back of a Saudi Arabian couple wearing the Ihram garments and praying to God with reverence in front of the honorable Kaaba in the Grand Mosque. A close-up of the gol
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic religious landmarks, the Noble Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the circumambulation of pilgrims and Umrah around the Noble Kaaba, worship and getting closer to God.
Aerial photo of Mount Arafat and the pilgrims' overnight tents during the days of Hajj in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arafat standing on Mount Mercy, performing Hajj rituals, Hajj season 2023.
Cleaners cleaning the Great Mosque of Mecca, pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in the Grand Mosque of Mecca in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the Holy Kaaba, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, Islamic holy places
A picture from inside the Kaaba (the Qibla of Muslims) in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, worship and getting closer to God, photography from inside the Great Mosque of Mecca, circumambulation around the Kaaba, performing the Hajj, Mu
An aesthetic image from inside the Holy Mosque in Mecca, the royal clock tower building in the daytime, performing Hajj and Umrah, worship and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing prayers in the Grand Mosque in Mecca, worship and drawing closer to God, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Islamic religious landmarks, the
Muslim pilgrims circumambulate around the Holy Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, the Great Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Hajj season 2023, close-up of the hand of a pilgrim praying to God, th
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf doctor wearing a mask and medical gloves, giving a dose of the Covid-19 vaccine to a Saudi Arabian Gulf child wearing a medical mask, allowing children to receive vaccination against the Corona virus, following the prevent
Precaution and prevention from the Corona virus, spending vacation times and enjoying going out with the family, an Arab Emirati family preparing to go from home and wearing protective masks from Covid-19, following the preventive measures of the Ministry
Holy Islamic places, pilgrims to the Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Holy City of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, circumambulating the Holy Kaaba, worship and getting closer to God, Islamic matters and worship
Facial gestures indicating reverence to God, performing Umrah rituals and getting closer to God in the month of Ramadan, a close-up photo of a young Saudi Arab Gulf man wearing Ihram clothes and raising his hands to pray and seek forgiveness, performing the Hajj and visiting the Sacred House of God, the background of the Holy Kaaba.
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God, Pause of Arafa, Mount of Mercy (Arafa), performing Hajj and Umrah, performing Hajj, worship and getting closer to God, Hajj season, Islam and worship
Sacred Islamic religious places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, worship and drawing closer to God Almighty, visitors to the House of God walk in the Jamarat Bridge area in Mecca, Muslim pilgrims perform Hajj and Umrah rituals
The honorable qiblah in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Holy Kaaba, worshiping and drawing closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia.
The Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, the clock tower in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, architectural art, Islamic religious sacred places and monuments
The rituals of Hajj and Umrah, a picture from the back of two Saudi Arabian Gulf pilgrims wearing the Ihram garments standing in front of the honorable Kaaba in the Grand Mosque, the virtue of Umrah in the blessed month of Ramadan, the background of the g
A Saudi Arabian Gulf doctor wearing a mask and a protective plastic mask over it, following safety procedures, avoiding the spread of infection, protective equipment, the concept of medicine and health care, combating the Corona virus
Worship and closer to God, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in Makkah Al -Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, Islamic religious places, a group of pilgrims and those who are deceived around the Kaaba honored in Makkah Al -Mukarramah at sunset, perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah
3D model of the Holy Kaaba, the Qiblah of Islam and Muslims, honorable religious destinations, holy places and landmarks in Mecca, 3D Islamic backgrounds and drawings, Islamic and worship
Preparing to travel to perform the Hajj, drawing closer to God by performing acts of worship, a portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf Muslim woman wearing Ihram clothes and holding a travel bag and a mobile phone with a blank black screen, performing the ritua
The qibla of Islam and Muslims, honorable religious purposes, sacred places and landmarks in Mecca, Islamic affairs and worship, 3D Islamic backgrounds, a 3D model of the Holy Kaaba
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in the courtyards of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, the Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating around the Holy Kaaba, Islamic holy places, rel
A close-up of an indicative sign for the chapel of the Sunnah of Tawaf in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and drawing closer to God, Hajj season 2023
The virtue of Umrah in the holy month of Ramadan, maintaining supplication and asking for forgiveness from God Almighty, answering God’s call to perform the Hajj obligation, a portrait of an elderly Saudi Gulf Arab couple wearing ihram clothes, praying with reverence and supplication, Islamic matters and worship, full body image, gray background.
Protection from Covid-19, maintaining safety and avoiding infection with the Corona virus, making preparations and getting ready to leave the house, a close-up of an Emirati Arab man wearing a muzzle and wearing an Emirati kandura and ghutra.
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf youth, wearing a protective mask, taking measures to prevent corona virus (Covid-19), different face and hand gestures, white background
Expressions of supplication and reverence, taking souvenir photos with gestures of happiness and pleasure, worship and drawing closer to God Almighty, pilgrims wearing Ihram clothes carrying gray umbrellas performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, winter atmosphere in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places
Sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, performing religious duties, pilgrims to the Sacred House of God wearing the Ihram garments in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Mina, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship an
Headache and headache, feeling sick, a portrait of an elderly Muslim Arab Saudi Gulf man wearing ihram clothes and placing his hand on his head, facial and hand gestures indicating pain and fatigue, the fifth pillar of Islam, Hajj season 2023, blue backgr
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, circumambulating the Kaaba in Mecca, gathering of pilgrims and Umrah performers in the courtyard of the Grand Mosque, the Holy Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Islamic religious landmarks and holy places, illustrative image of an Arab girl wearing Ihram clothes standing in front of the Kaaba
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf youth wearing a mask, taking precautions to prevent corona virus (Covid-19), face and hand gestures indicating prevention and stopping, white background
Sacred Islamic religious cities and landmarks, performing the Hajj and Umrah rituals, the circumambulation of pilgrims around the Kaaba in the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Islamic style architectural art of the Royal Clock Tower overlooking the House of God
Islamic holy places, pilgrims near the Holy Kaaba in the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, circumambulating the Holy Kaaba, worshiping and getting closer to God
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf youth wearing a mask and holding a package of anti-coronavirus (Covid-19) vaccines, vaccinations against diseases, different face and hand gestures, white background
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and drawing closer to God, the Qiblah of Islam and Muslims, a top view of pilgrims and Umrah performers circumambulating the Kaaba in Mecca at sunset, the illuminated minarets surrounding the Haram, the House of God in the Grand Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A picture of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Kaaba, worshiping and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia
Diligence in worship, preserving prayer, and drawing closer to God Almighty, a portrait of a young Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing ihram clothes, raising his hands and calling God with facial gestures indicating supplication and supplication to God, the vi
A group of visitors to the House of God in the area of stoning the Jamarat in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the pedestrian bridge, stoning the Jamarat, performing Hajj and Umrah, standing at the place of stoning the Jamarat in Mecca
A Saudi Arabian Gulf driver driving the car and wearing a mask to prevent corona virus, following prevention and safety measures, passenger delivery service, green taxi in Saudi Arabia
The concept of examining the verses and chapters of the Book of God, getting closer to God by reading the Qur’an, a portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing the Ihram garment sitting on the prayer rug and holding in his hand the Holy Qur’an book, Hajj
Performing Hajj and Umrah rituals in Mecca, worship and closeness to God, holy Islamic places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Hajj season 2024, pilgrims of the Holy House of God circumambulating the Kaaba in the Holy Mosque of Mecca
Using chemicals and alcohol to eliminate viruses and germs, a young Saudi woman following precautionary measures to prevent the Corona virus, a close-up portrait of an Arab Gulf Emirati woman wearing an abaya and hijab, wearing a mask, holding a bottle of sanitizer in her hand, white background
The clock tower in Makkah Al-Mukarramah from an upper angle in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Holy House of God, the Holy Mosque in Mecca, the beauty of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, pilgrims and Muslims in the courtyards of the Holy Mosque in Mecca, cleaning the courtyards of the Holy Mosque in Mecca using cleaning machines, vehicles and machines, cleaning crews in the courtyar
Modern architectural art, worship and closeness to God, sacred Islamic religious landmarks, a close-up of the Royal Clock Tower building in Mecca illuminated at night, hotels and towers overlooking the Holy Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God, the Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the shrine of our master Ibrahim in the courtyards of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating around the Ho
A picture of the Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Kaaba, worshiping and getting closer to God, Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia
A group of pilgrims in the Holy Kaaba in the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating the Holy Kaaba, worshiping and drawing closer to God, Islamism and worship, Islami
Adhere to the laws and rules of the Ministry of Health to avoid infection with Covid-19, a close-up portrait of a veiled Emirati Arab Gulf woman wearing a black cloak and wearing a muzzle to avoid the spread of the Corona virus, gestures looking at someth
A close-up of an indicative sign for the chariot drive in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and drawing closer to God, Hajj season 2023
A picture from inside Al-Masaa in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the quest between Al-Safa and Al-Marwah, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Hajj and Umrah, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
Health awareness and avoiding the spread of infection, portrait of a nurse in uniform examining an elderly Gulf Arab Omani patient wearing a dishdasha and a mask, working in the medical sector, a doctor holding a digital infrared thermometer, following prevention and safety measures against the Corona virus, gray background
The courtyard of the Grand Mosque, the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, Islamic religious landmarks, Islamic holy places
The Holy Kaaba in Mecca in the Kingdom, the arrival of pilgrims to the Sacred House of God to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and drawing closer to God Almighty, Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia
Pilgrims standing at the Sacred House of God on Mount Arafat, a needy Muslim woman raising her hands and praying and turning to God the Most Gracious on Mount Mercy, completing the rituals of Hajj, reverence and the great Islamic feelings of faith, performing the duties of Islam
A Saudi Arabian Gulf businessman wearing a mask and gloves to control the spread of infection, taking notes on paper, using a laptop to get work done, working remotely, online meetings, e-marketing
Pilgrims and Umrah performers gather at Al-Mas'i in Mecca, walking between Safa and Marwa, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, the concept of worship and drawing closer to God, sacred Islamic religious landmarks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
An aesthetic image of the Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, pilgrims of the House of God performing Hajj and Umrah, performing prayers in the Great Mosque of Mecca, worship and getting closer to God, Hajj season 2022, Islam and worship
Pilgrims of the Holy House of God wear the Ihram dress in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, going to Muzdalifah to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worship and get closer to God in sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places.
Hajj season in Saudi Arabia, picture of pilgrims in the holy sites in Mina, performing Hajj rituals, Islamic holy places, worship and drawing closer to God, wearing Ihram clothes
A Saudi Arabian Gulf businesswoman sitting in front of a laptop to complete tasks, with hand sanitizer and a mask, following safety and prevention measures, doing administrative work remotely to avoid the spread of infection
A close-up of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing the Ihram dress and raising his hands to supplicate and supplicate to God, performing Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and getting closer to God, performing Hajj, remembrances and supplications
Portrait of a Saudi Gulf Arab doctor giving a vaccine dose to a Saudi Gulf patient, taking a safe vaccine dose, safe vaccination for Covid 19, medical vaccination, a dose to avoid infection, white background
Standing up straight and looking at a specific thing, looking at the camera with a pleased expression, portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf Muslim man wearing ihram clothing visiting the Holy House of God in Mecca, full length body, gray background, sensitive use, sensitive content
Pilgrims at the Grand Mosque in Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims walking in the outer complex of the Grand Mosque, worship and getting closer to God, Islamism and worship, Islamic holy places
Noble prophetic hadiths, worship and drawing closer to God, a close-up of the pilgrims of the Sacred House of God on Mount Arafat (Mercy), Hajj and Umrah rituals, performing the Hajj obligation, sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Walking and going to perform Hajj and Umrah, portrait of a smiling Gulf Arab Saudi Muslim pilgrim wearing Ihram clothing holding a passport in his hand, full length body, gray background, sensitive use, sensitive content
A Saudi Arabian Gulf doctor holding the vaccine and the medical syringe in his hand, wearing medical gloves, preparing a safe vaccine dose, safe vaccination for covid 19, medical vaccination, a dose to avoid infection, background with the flag of the King
Sacred Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia, architectural art of towers and mosques surrounding the Grand Mosque, a picture from below of the clock tower building in Mecca during the day
A picture from the bottom of the clock tower in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, clock tower, architectural art, Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia
Pilgrims and Muslims in the courtyards of the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, the Hajj season 2023, the Holy Kaaba in the Sacred House of God, Islamic religious landmarks and s
Circumambulation around the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, an aerial photo of the Holy House of God, gathering of pilgrims and performers in the courtyard of the Grand Mosque, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, the Holy Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, sacred Islamic religious monuments and places, worship and getting closer to God Almighty.
Pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in the outer courtyard of the Grand Mosque in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, towers and hotels overlooking the Grand Mosque in Mecca, pilgrims of the House of God feeding pigeons, Islamic landmarks, religious touri
Background of the Holy House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the destination of Muslims from all over the earth, the most famous Islamic landmark around the world, acts of worship, supplication and getting closer to God, expressions of congratulations on the Hajj season, Islamic religious designs and decorations
Worship and drawing closer to God, a group of pilgrims in the Grand Mosque in Mecca at night, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, places and landmarks of the sacred Islamic religion in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Sacred Islamic places and landmarks, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and getting closer to God, a close-up picture of a group of pilgrims in Mecca, circumambulating around the Kaaba, the Noble Mosque of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Islamic matters and worship, Hajj season
An Emirati Arab Gulf man and his son in an Arab mosque, wearing a medical mask to prevent corona virus, performing the obligatory prayer, teaching prayer to children, worship and drawing closer to God, Islamic holy places, the concept of the pillars of Is
The Noble Sanctuary in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Performing Hajj and Umrah, Hajj season 2023, Muslim pilgrims circumambulate the Holy Kaaba in Mecca, the Grand Mosque
Portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf child wearing a medical mask, holding a corona vaccine and a medical syringe in his hands, allowing children to receive vaccinations against the corona virus, maintaining safety and prevention against the virus, following
The Kaaba in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, pilgrims of the Sacred House of God in the courtyards of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, circumambulating around the Holy Kaaba, sacred Islamic religious
The concept of guarding Islamic religious places, the religious destination for Muslims from all over the world to perform acts of worship and obligations and get closer to God Almighty, the Sacred House of God in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, the Black Stone in the Holy Kaaba inside the Mosque in Mecca.
Learn about the history of the Holy Land, Biennale Museum of Islamic Arts in Saudi Arabia, Famous cultural landmarks in Jeddah, Kaaba stone pillar, distinctive religious artifacts and collectibles, inner columns of the Holy House of God, ancient historical monuments of Hajj
Sacred Islamic religious landmarks and places, the quest between Safa and Marwah, pilgrims and pilgrims in the quest in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, performing the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, worshiping and drawing closer to God
Avoiding the spread of infection with Covid 19, a portrait of an Arab Gulf Emirati wearing a kandora, ghutra, and a protective mask, looking at the camera, raising his thumb down with gestures of rejection and disapproval, adhering to preventive measures, full-length body image, white background
Birds and minarets of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, a close-up of the minarets of the Grand Mosque in the holy city of Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, worship and closeness to God Almighty, Islamic religious landmarks in Saudi Arabia.
Pilgrims and Umrah performers sitting in the courtyard of the Grand Mosque, performing Hajj and Umrah rituals, worship and drawing closer to God Almighty through supplication and prayer, sacred Islamic religious places and landmarks, architectural engineering art of towers and hotels
Getting closer to God with good deeds, a close-up portrait of a Saudi Arabian Gulf Muslim couple wearing the Ihram dress, a picture of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man carrying a prayer beads and browsing a mobile phone, a gray background, supplications and suppl