Development and interest in the country’s infrastructure, towers and skyscrapers illuminated at night, famous tourist attractions, peaceful night scenes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, architectural engineering of buildings and facilities in the city of Riyadh
The King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) illuminated at night, the famous landmarks of the Saudi capital, the architectural engineering art of the towers and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the urban growth and development of the financial towers and economic facilities in the city of Riyadh
Happiness gestures of belonging to the homeland, wearing the costumes of traditional popular occasions and celebrations, the background of the King Abdullah Financial District lit at night in the city of Riyadh, a smiling Saudi Arabian Gulf man wearing a
Aerial photograph of the night view of the Al-Faisaliah Tower in the Olaya district in the city of Riyadh, the towers and skyscrapers in the city, the urban development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Economic and urban renaissance, a close-up of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), the financial towers in the city of Riyadh, the architectural art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the day.
Working on the growth and development of engineering construction in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the technical and architectural development of the financial and economic towers in the city of Riyadh, skyscrapers and facilities at night, the tourist interface to attract visitors from all over the world.
Economic and urban renaissance, a close-up of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), the financial towers in the city of Riyadh, the architectural art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the day.
Towers and skyscrapers illuminated at night, famous tourist attractions, peaceful night scenes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, architectural engineering of buildings and facilities in the city of Riyadh, development and interest in the country’s infrastructure
The Narcissus Hotel Tower illuminated at night in the city of Riyadh, the architectural art of modern-style towers and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, famous cities and tourist attractions, progress and development in building architecture
Showing the role of women in architectural development, women’s professions and jobs, commemorating National Day September 23, a close-up photo of a veiled Saudi Arabian Gulf engineer wearing a helmet and protection vest holding the Kingdom’s flag looking at the camera, Flag Day March 11, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh in broad daylight
Economic towers and skyscrapers in the city of Riyadh, a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing a shemagh and a Saudi thobe, standing with crossed hands and facial gestures indicating joy and happiness, growth and urban development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, background of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD)
Development and interest in the country’s infrastructure, towers and skyscrapers illuminated at night, famous tourist attractions, peaceful night scenes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, architectural engineering of buildings and facilities in the city of Riyadh
A view from above of the King Abdullah Financial District (CAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, an aerial shot of the financial and economic towers and architectural facilities during the day, car traffic, a wonderful view of the King Abdullah Financial Center
Financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh, the architectural engineering art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance, urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD)
Photography from the top of the city of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the night mode, a creative image, a wonderful and beautiful view of the city of Jeddah, the beauty of the scenery and infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, stunning views, aerial p
Aerial view of the financial center and the city of Winterland in the daytime, photographing skyscrapers in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, towers and engineering art in Saudi Arabia, tourist attractions
Places that attract visitors from all over the world, Ramadan season activities in Old Diriyah in the city of Riyadh, youth and family entertainment areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the atmosphere of the holy month of Ramadan in the capital, spending enjoyable times
Urban development and growth in Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) by day, financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh, architectural engineering of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance.
Urban growth and progress in the modern style, financial and economic towers and skyscrapers, and architectural facilities, an aerial shot of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in the capital during the day, traffic in the streets of Riyadh, famous tourist attractions
A picture of the window of the plane overlooking the Abdullah Financial Center (CAFD) in the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a wonderful aerial picture from inside the plane of financial and economic towers and architectural facilities, tow
Commemorating the Saudi National Day, the role of Saudi female engineers in urban development, celebrating the unification of the Kingdom on Rabi’ al-Awwal 8, a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab engineer wearing a helmet and protective vest holding the Saudi flag in her hand, Flag Day March 11, background of the King Abdullah Financial Center in broad daylight
Showing the role of women in architectural development, women’s professions and jobs, commemorating National Day September 23, a close-up of a veiled Saudi Arabian Gulf engineer wearing a helmet and protection vest holding the Kingdom’s flag looking at the camera, Flag Day March 11, background of the King Abdullah Financial Center in broad daylight
The role of Saudi female engineers in urban development, celebrating the unification of the Kingdom on Rabi’ al-Awwal 8, commemorating the Saudi National Day, a close-up of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab engineer wearing a protection jacket holding the Saudi flag in her hand, Flag Day March 11, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh at night time
King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), financial towers and economic facilities in the city of Riyadh, urban growth and development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, architectural art of towers and skyscrapers, famous landmarks of Riyadh
The scheduled tower in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the development and development of urbanization in the city of Riyadh, engineering art in the modern and advanced architectural style, car traffic on King Fahd Road, the famous towers and skyscrapers
Night picture of King Abdullah Financial District (CAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, roads and streets at night, architectural art in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Urban growth to stimulate tourism in the Kingdom, architectural engineering art for buildings, skyscrapers and towers in Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah Financial Tower in the city center, famous heritage tourist places and landmarks in Riyadh, development and progress of roads and streets, cloudy sky
Enjoying and walking around during the day, the concept of constructions and architecture, having fun in the financial city, a smiling young Saudi Arabian Gulf woman wearing abaya and hijab looking at something, an entertaining tourist tour in the city of
Riyadh city towers during the day, celebrating the unification of the Kingdom, commemorating the Saudi flag March 11, commemorating the National Day September 23, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the black abaya standing next to the Saudi flag
The concept of patriotism, expression of belonging and loyalty on Flag Day, March 11, celebration of the National Day, September 23, costumes for popular occasions and celebrations, a picture from the back of two Saudi Arab men and two Gulf men wearing traditional Saudi clothing, financial and economic horoscopes at night.
The development and economic growth of towers and skyscrapers, cultural performances and recreational activities, an aerial photo of modern architectural art, the illumination of the King Abdullah Financial Towers at night during the celebration on the occasion of winning the Expo 2030 exhibition in Saudi Arabia.
Water pool in front of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh in the winter, architectural engineering art for the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance, urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia.
Urban growth and progress in the modern style, financial and economic towers and skyscrapers, and architectural facilities, an aerial shot of the King Abdullah Financial Center (CAFD) in the capital, interest in green trees, famous cities and landmarks, traffic in the streets of Riyadh.
An artistic journey for creative light transformation, the Saudi Noor Festival, enjoying the forms of light arts, the seasonal Riyadh Art Program initiative, fun entertainment events and activities to attract tourists from abroad, annual celebrations and events, a picture from above of the colorful lighting shows on the Kingdom Tower
Towers and buildings in Riyadh at night, looking at the camera with happy gestures, participating in national events, a close-up photo of a smiling Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and hijab holding the Kingdom’s flag with respect and appreciation, remembering National Day September 23, Flag Day March 11
Urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing a shemagh and a traditional thobe with facial gestures indicating happiness and joy, the architectural engineering art of towers and skyscrapers in Riyadh, financial buildings and economic facilities, the background of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD)
National Day celebrations in the city of Jeddah, fireworks activities on the Jeddah Corniche, the Saudi National Day, the anniversary of the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the towers and buildings of the city of Jeddah overlooking the sea
Development and economic growth in the capital, cultural performances, activities and entertainment events in the Kingdom, modern and advanced architectural engineering art, lighting the famous economic and commercial towers and skyscrapers to celebrate the occasion of winning the Expo 2030 exhibition in Saudi Arabia.
Interior designs and decorations for the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) during the day, urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh, architectural engineering art for the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance.
Close-up of the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFED) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers covered with clouds, engineering and architecture, famous towers and landmarks in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia in winter
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at night, famous Riyadh landmarks, luminous towers and skyscrapers, architectural art in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Pride in the achievements of the nation and its culture, feelings of love and belonging to Saudi Arabia, celebration of National Day September 23, Science Day March 11, a Saudi Gulf Arab man and woman wearing traditional Saudi dress celebrating the unification of the Kingdom, background of the famous towers of Riyadh
Famous tourist attractions, modern-style urban growth and progress, financial and economic towers and skyscrapers, and architectural facilities, an aerial shot of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in the capital during the day, traffic in the streets of Riyadh
Saudi National Day, Saudi Flag Day, March 11, smiling Saudi Arab citizens wearing traditional dress in front of illuminated towers and skyscrapers at night in the city of Riyadh, standing next to the flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, commemoration of the Saudi National Day, Rabi’ al-Awwal 8, national occasions and holidays
Celebration of fireworks at night, boats in the middle of the sea, celebrations, holidays and events, fireworks activities near buildings and skyscrapers, lighting colorful fireworks at night.
A picture of the streets of the city of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the traffic and the movement of cars, the beauty of the city of Riyadh at night
Pride in the achievements of the nation and its culture, feelings of love and belonging to Saudi Arabia, celebration of National Day September 23, Science Day March 11, a Saudi Gulf Arab man and woman wearing traditional Saudi dress celebrating the unification of the Kingdom, background of the famous towers of Riyadh
Financial City in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the main destination for money and business in Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, modern and advanced architectural art, King Abdullah Financial Center (CAFD) in Riyadh
Financial towers and economic facilities in the city of Riyadh, King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD), urban growth and development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the architectural art of towers and skyscrapers, the famous landmarks of Riyadh
A picture from the back of a Saudi Arabian Gulf man standing in the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at night, an economic center, famous Riyadh landmarks, architectural art in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial District (CAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at night, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, roads and streets, architecture in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Creative image in a lower corner of the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, architecture in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Standing tall and showing love for the country, a picture from behind of a Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and hijab looking at the flag with pride on March 11, participating in national events on September 23, the anniversary of the Saudi National Day, the background of the illuminated towers and buildings at night time
Pride in the Saudi Arabian state, wearing costumes for traditional popular occasions and celebrations, the background of the King Abdullah Financial District lit up at night in the city of Riyadh, standing confidently and looking at something, a Saudi Ara
A close-up of the colorful lighting displays on the Kingdom Tower, an artistic journey of creative light transformation, enjoying the forms of light arts, the Noor Saudi Arabia festival and event, the seasonal Riyadh Art Program initiative, annual celebrations and events.
The architectural engineering art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance, urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh.
Feelings of love and loyalty to Saudi Arabia, a day of unity and the modern history of the Kingdom, celebrating the Saudi National Day 8 Rabi’ al-Awwal, a smiling veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and holding the Kingdom’s flag with pride and appreciation, Saudi Flag Day March 11, background of the Kafed Towers in Riyadh
National Day 8 Rabi’ al-Awwal, pride and pride in belonging to the Kingdom, anniversary of the Saudi National Day, a picture from behind of a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing a shemagh and traditional thobe holding the Saudi flag in his hand to celebrate Flag Day March 11, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh in broad daylight
Flag Day, March 11, the anniversary of the Saudi National Day and Day, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the black abaya and carrying the Saudi flag, standing in front of the towers of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), celebrating the unification of the Kingdom, September 23
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial District (KAFED) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during sunset, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, architecture in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Two Saudi Arabian Gulf women are taking a selfie at King Abdullah Financial District, Kafed, in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,meeting and acquaintance, making friends, sightseeing tour, spending quality time in the financial city
A close-up from the bottom of the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, architecture in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, architecture in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Famous landmarks and buildings in the capital, the architectural art of the Kingdom Tower building lit in green on the Saudi National Day on September 23, the architectural art and designs of commercial and economic towers and skyscrapers in Saudi Arabia, urban growth and development
King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) by day, urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh, architectural engineering of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance
Providing health care to the people of the nation, close-up pictures of a veiled Saudi Arabian Gulf doctor wearing a white coat and a stethoscope holding the Saudi flag in her hand at night time, commemorating Saudi National Day September 23, celebrating Flag Day March 11, women’s professions and jobs, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh
King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFED) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, urban development and skyscrapers in the city of Riyadh, a close-up of the financial towers and economic facilities during the day, engineering art in the modern and advanced architectural style
Night picture of the King Abdullah Financial District (CAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, Saudi Vision 2030, the identity of the Saudi National Day 92, Riyadh's famous tourist attractions, economic and urban renaissance, urban developm
Development and economic growth of towers and skyscrapers, cultural performances and recreational activities, modern architectural art, a picture from above of the illumination of the King Abdullah Financial Towers at night during the celebration on the occasion of winning Expo 2030 in Saudi Arabia.
Economic towers and skyscrapers, residential buildings and streets lit at night in the city of Riyadh, the architectural art of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), leading high-end companies in banking and financial technology.
Riyadh skyscrapers and skyscrapers in Saudi Arabia illuminated at night, the beauty of urban development, road lights and car traffic in the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, Vision 2030
Skyscrapers, financial and economic towers, and architectural facilities, an aerial photo of the city of Riyadh illuminated by lights at night, traffic in the streets, famous tourist landmarks and cities, urban growth and progress in the modern style.
Urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) by day, financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh, architectural engineering of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance.
Preserving the Saudi national identity, celebrating the anniversary of National Day September 23, commemorating the Saudi Flag Day March 11, a picture from behind of a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing the flag with love and loyalty to the Kingdom, background of financial towers and modern engineering buildings
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at night, famous Riyadh landmarks, luminous towers and skyscrapers, architectural art in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Standing with pride and embodying feelings of loyalty to the state, celebrating the Saudi National Day, National Day on the 8th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the abaya and holding the Kingdom’s flag with pride and appreciation, Saudi Flag Day March 11, background of the Kafed Towers in Riyadh
A Saudi Arabian Gulf family enjoying the entertainment area of King Abdullah Financial District (KAFED), a Gulf girl carrying the Saudi flag, celebrating the Saudi National Day in the financial city, enjoying the family entertainment atmosphere
Two Saudi Arabian Gulf ladies talking to each other, touring in King Abdullah Financial City, Kafed in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, having a great time in the financial city
Commercial facilities and residential skyscrapers in Riyadh, a Saudi Gulf Arab man wearing the traditional Saudi dress standing with crossed hands and facial gestures indicating confidence and pride in broad daylight, urban growth and development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh
The financial and economic towers lit up at night in the Saudi capital, wearing the costume of traditional occasions, enjoying going out in the open air, standing to contemplate the urban development in the city of Riyadh, a picture from behind of a Saudi
The development of the architectural engineering art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the achievement of the economic and commercial renaissance, a close-up picture from the bottom of the financial towers in the city of Riyadh, the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in the daytime
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial District (KAFED) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during sunset, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, architecture in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Modern style architectural art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, achieving economic and commercial renaissance, a close-up photo from the bottom of the financial towers in the city of Riyadh, the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) at daytime
Enjoying the peaceful night views in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the towers and skyscrapers illuminated at night, famous tourist attractions, the architectural art of buildings and facilities in the city of Riyadh, the development and interest in the country’s infrastructure
Looking at the embroidery of the abaya and admiring it, the reflection of the green light on a Saudi Gulf Arab citizen participating in national occasions, wearing traditional Saudi costumes on the anniversary of National Day, September 23, Saudi Flag Day, March 11, illuminated towers and buildings in the city of Riyadh.
Paying attention to landscaping in cities, King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) by day, urban growth and development in Saudi Arabia, financial facilities and towers in the city of Riyadh, architectural engineering art for the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom, achieving economic and commercial renaissance.
Creative designs for the New Year 2023, New Year, Happy New Year, Anticipation and Waiting, Cover Design Template, New Year's Day, New Year 2023, Happy Holidays and Events
The identity of the Saudi National Day, the celebration of Flag Day on March 11, the anniversary of the National Day on September 23, a picture from the back of a Saudi Arabian Gulf woman wearing the black abaya, carrying the flag of the Kingdom and standing in front of the towers and skyscrapers of Riyadh, commemorating the history of the ancestors and celebrating their achievements
Creative designs for the New Year 2023, New Year, Happy New Year, Anticipation and Waiting, Cover Design Template, New Year's Day, New Year 2023, Happy Holidays and Events
Spending fun time in the financial city, the concept of construction and architecture, a smiling young Saudi Arabian Gulf woman wearing abaya and hijab looking at something, enjoying and walking around during the day, an entertaining tourist tour in the c
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at night, famous Riyadh landmarks, luminous towers and skyscrapers, architectural art in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia
Pride and pride in belonging to the Kingdom, the anniversary of the Saudi National Day, September 23, a close-up photo of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the black abaya, holding the Saudi flag in her hand to celebrate Flag Day, March 11, background of the banner of Islam and monotheism
Financial towers and economic facilities in the city of Riyadh, architectural engineering art of skyscrapers, close-up image of King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD) at night, urban growth and development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, famous landmarks and places, trees and green plants
Distinctive architecture in Saudi Arabia, economic and financial towers in CAFD, King Abdullah Financial Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at night, famous Riyadh landmarks, illuminated towers and skyscrapers
Economic and urban renaissance, a close-up of the King Abdullah Financial Center (KAFD), the financial towers in the city of Riyadh, the architectural art of the famous buildings and skyscrapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the day.
Decorations and decorations for Islamic holidays and events in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Muslims celebrating the advent of the holy month of Ramadan, the atmosphere of the Ramadan season in Diriyah in the city of Riyadh, upscale family and youth entertainment places and attractions
Creative image of King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, towers and skyscrapers, famous Riyadh landmarks, architectural art in Saudi Arabia, tourism in Saudi Arabia, black and white picture
Urban progress and development, commercial buildings and towers in the illuminated streets of the city of Al-Khobar at night, a public asphalt road, car traffic on the roads of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, famous tourist attractions.
A distinct view of the King Abdullah Financial Center (CAFD) in Saudi Arabia , towers and skyscrapers, famous landmarks of Riyadh, architectural art in the Kingdom, tourist places and destinations
Commemoration of the Saudi National Day on September 23, the role of engineers in urban development, celebration of Science Day on March 11, a picture from behind of a smiling Saudi Arabian Gulf engineer wearing a protection vest and white helmet holding the Kingdom’s flag with pride, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh in broad daylight
Top shot of Riyadh overlooking towers on King Fahd Road, King Abdullah Financial Center, Riyadh in the evening, The beauty of Riyadh city, Riyadh skyline, Saudi Arabia
Participation of the Kingdom’s women in its urban development, commemoration of the Saudi National Day, September 23, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Arabian Gulf engineer wearing a helmet and protection vest, holding the Kingdom’s flag in broad daylight, celebrating Flag Day, March 11, background of the towers of the city of Riyadh
Saudi Flag Day, March 11, celebration of the holiday and the Saudi National Day, a picture from behind of a veiled Saudi Gulf Arab woman wearing the black abaya and carrying the flag of the Kingdom, the anniversary of the unification of Saudi Arabia by King Abdulaziz September 23, background of the towers and skyscrapers of the city of Riyadh
A Saudi Arabian Gulf woman talking with a Saudi woman using a mobile phone, spending a good time in King Abdullah Financial District, Kafed in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, social relations and acquaintance, acquaintance and friendships, introduc